![]() Consul Gaius Marius remedied this situation in 107 BC by enlisting volunteer fighters who lacked property. This created a shortage of men in some areas. Permanent military bases required soldiers to work year-round. These operations expanded after several key victories in the 100s BC. ![]() As the Empire grew and new enemies emerged, the army began creating permanent bases. In its earliest years, the Roman army operated on a seasonal basis. Angelus, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons The far-reaching influence of the Roman Empire during its height. These units matched well with the loose formations of Rome’s early enemies and could outmaneuver popular phalanx formations. He describes a manipular legion, which was formed from small units, or maniples, of 120 to 160 men. Regardless, the first account of a Roman legion appears between 150 and 120 BC and was documented by Polybius. According to Plutarch, the legendary Romulus created the first legionary forces after establishing Rome.Īnother possibility, according to Livy, is that Rome’s earliest army actually began as a civil militia that recruited based on social rank. HistoryĪlthough the Roman army is considered one of the largest and most successful in the world, it was formed from obscure beginnings. Likewise, these cultures also influenced Roman armor and helmet designs. Roman culture heavily influenced the diverse areas under the Empire’s control. In order to better understand the types of armor used by the Roman Empire, it is helpful to take a look at the general history of the Roman army. This article aims to use these types of evidence to provide a summary of the main types of Roman armor and helmet styles in the context of the overall history of the Roman Empire’s army. What we know about Roman armor comes from a few key sources: Roman literature, military documents, art, and artifacts. Roman armor is a complex topic, due to the long history of the Roman Empire and the many types of soldiers that made up its army. Armor was one category of military equipment that was essential for survival for all types of soldiers. The soldiers, officers, and generals who made up the Roman army required effective supplies to win wars and obtain new land. National Gallery of Art, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons The Roman army was made up of legionaries, auxiliaries, and officers. Throughout Roman history, the army grew and evolved to match the changing needs of an ever-expanding empire. The Imperial Roman army is considered one of the longest-surviving armies in history. With territory spanning from Spain to the Persian Gulf, the Roman Empire required a strong military to secure and sustain its influence in far-flung areas. The Roman Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires in world history.
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